A roadside emergency can happen at any time, whether your car is new or old. A range of problems can cause it, from a tire
failure or mechanical breakdown to running out of fuel. At best, it's an annoyance; at worst, it can compromise your safety.
Being prepared with a basic emergency kit can increase your safety, reduce stress, and help you get back on the road faster.
Even if you have roadside-assistance coverage or an automobile-club membership with roadside assistance, you usually need
access to a phone in order to contact them and you may have to wait on the side of the road for an hour or more before help
arrives. That's why we recommend that drivers carry certain items in their vehicle, even if it only gets used for everyday,
around-town driving. This basic kit can be supplemented with additional items if you go on a long-distance trip or have to
deal with winter weather conditions.
It's also important to make periodic checks on the equipment to ensure it's in working order—that the spare tire
is properly inflated, batteries are not discharged, first-aid supplies are current, water is fresh, and food is dry. In addition,
be familiar with how each tool works, from the cellular phone to the jack, before you need to use it in an emergency.
BASIC KIT
This kit is intended to aid you in getting help, signaling your car's presence to other motorists, and tackling simple
challenges.
Cellular phone. We don't recommend that you talk on a cell phone while driving, but in an emergency, this can be
the single most valuable component of your kit. Keep a car charger handy. This device plugs into the cigarette lighter or
other power point in the car and charges the battery of your cell phone. When traveling, it's best to leave your cell phone
on and, if applicable, leave the retractable antenna extended. This may shorten the time it takes you to reach 911, if necessary.
Emergency tip: If you have to dial 911, remember that your location and phone number aren't always available to an emergency
operator when calling from a cell phone. So give the operator your number and any information you have about your location.
Ignore any "no service" messages on the phone and try the call anyway. If you have trouble connecting to 911 from inside a
car, get out if possible and call from the side of the road. That may help you get a better signal.
First-aid kit. Choose one that allows you to treat a range of problems, from small cuts or burns to ones that require
major bandaging. We also suggest you get familiar with how to use the kit before you need to.
Fire extinguisher. A car fire can start from something as simple as a wiring short circuit or leaking oil. You should
get away from a vehicle that's on fire as quickly as possible. Still, for extra security it's good to keep a fire extinguisher
in the car that can be used in any emergency or to quickly douse a small flame that's just begun. The quicker a fire can be
put out, the less damage it will cause. Multipurpose dry-chemical fire extinguishers are available in a variety of sizes.
We recommend carrying a compact unit that's labeled 1A10BC or 2A10BC.
Warning light, hazard triangle, or flares. If your vehicle is stuck on the side of the road, it's vital that you
give other motorists as much warning of its presence as possible, especially at night. Look for a battery-powered warning
light that can be placed far from the vehicle. Reflective hazard triangles and flares are also effective and don't need batteries.
Tire gauge. This should be used on a monthly basis to check the inflation pressure in all four tires and the spare
tire. Because the ambient temperature affects tire pressure, it's also advisable to check the pressure after a significant
change in temperature.
Jack and lug wrench. Almost all vehicles come with these items for changing a tire. Refer to your owner's manual
on where they're located in the vehicle and how to use them. Models that come with run-flat tires do not have a spare tire.
Run-flat tires can be driven a limited number of miles with little or no air in them. They have very stiff sidewalls, which
provide support when the tire is deflated. Click here to learn more about the warning signs of imminent tire failure.
Foam tire sealant or a portable compressor and plug kit. For minor punctures, a foam tire sealant can get your vehicle
back on the road quickly. Only use it in an emergency, however, many tire shops will refuse to repair the tire because of
the sticky residue these sealants leave inside it. Be sure to choose a sealant that's labeled as non-flammable, and don't
consider this a permanent fix. A portable DC-powered air compressor can also be used to inflate a tire—and is especially
handy for one that suffers from a slow leak. To fix a puncture, however, you need to have it professionally repaired.
Spare fuses. If you experience an electrical problem, your first check should be for a burned-out fuse. These are
easy to check and replace by referring to your owner's manual. Keep an assortment on hand of the proper type for your vehicle.
Jumper cables or a portable battery booster. Jumper cables are easy to use as long as you have a second car available
to provide a jump. Refer to your owner's manual for instructions. A portable battery booster eliminates the need for a second
car.
Flashlight. This can be critical at night. Choose one that is bright and weatherproof. In addition, a flashlight
with a magnet, flexible mounting system, or a stand will free up your hands for other tasks. Also, have extra batteries and
a bulb available.
Gloves, hand cleaner, and clean rags. Even the simplest jobs can get your hands dirty. Having these on hand will
help keep that dirt from getting on your clothes or your vehicle's interior.
Auto-club card or roadside-assistance number. If you belong to an auto club or roadside-assistance program, be sure
you have the necessary information in your vehicle.
Disposable flash camera. Following an accident, this lets you record the condition of your vehicle and other vehicles
for insurance purposes.
$20 in small bills and change. Keep this available for miscellaneous use. And resist dipping into it for a spontaneous
ice cream cone on a hot day.
Pen and pad of paper. This can come in handy for a range of uses, from leaving a note on the windshield should you
have to leave your car to jotting down information after an accident.
ADDITIONAL ITEMS FOR LONG-DISTANCE DRIVING
For long trips, especially those through remote areas, add these items to your basic emergency kit.
Basic tools. This includes a set of socket and open-end wrenches, a multi-tip screwdriver, and pliers. This should
be enough to perform simple jobs such as changing a lightbulb, tightening battery cables, and so on. Even if you don't know
what to do, a Good Samaritan will still need something to work with.
Coolant hose repair kit and tape. A leaking coolant hose can sideline your vehicle quickly and possibly cause engine
damage from overheating. Often, a leaking hose is a simple fix if you have the right items. They can be bought at any major
auto-parts store.
Extra clothes and small tarpaulin. Even if all you do is change a tire, these items can help keep your regular clothes
clean.
Water and nonperishable emergency food. Bring enough food and water to sustain you and any passengers for at least
a meal, longer for remote areas or in extreme hot/cold regions.
GPS navigation system. This is an optional item, but good to have when traveling to new places. See portable
GPS system Ratings.
